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11.
Subjective experiments involving 12 different conditions were conducted to investigate the effects of heated seats and foot heaters in vehicles on thermal sensation and thermal comfort. The experimental conditions involved various combinations of the operative temperature in the test room (10 or 20°C), a heated seat (on/off) and a foot heater (room operative temperature?+10 or?+20°C). The heated seat and foot heater improved the occupant's thermal sensation and comfort in cool environments. The room operative temperature at which the occupants felt a 'neutral' overall thermal sensation was decreased by about 3°C by using the heated seat or foot heater and by about 6°C when both devices were used. Moreover, the effects of these devices on vehicle heater energy consumption were investigated using simulations. As a result, it was revealed that heated seats and foot heaters can reduce the total heater energy consumption of vehicles. Statement of Relevance: Subjective experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of heated seats and foot heaters in vehicles on thermal comfort. The heated seat and foot heater improved the occupant's thermal sensation and comfort in cool environments. These devices can reduce the total heater energy consumption in vehicles. 相似文献
12.
Kazuko Yamasaki Kenneth J. Mackin Masanori Ohshiro Kotaro Matsushita Eiji Nunohiro 《Artificial Life and Robotics》2008,12(1-2):122-124
We studied the networks of the temperature record in the atmosphere. They are made by the strength of the synchronization,
including the delay between temperatures at locations on Earth. We consider these locations as nodes, and we consider a pair
of locations as a link if the synchronization between them is stronger than a threshold. The network is scale-free, which
is thought to contribute to the stability of the climate.
This work was presented in part at the 12th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January
25–27, 2007 相似文献
13.
In this paper, we present a new learning method using prior information for three-layer neural networks. Usually when neural
networks are used for identification of systems, all of their weights are trained independently, without considering interrelated
weights values. Thus, the training results are usually not good. The reason for this in that each parameter has its influence
on others during learning. To overcome this problem, we first give an exact mathematical equation that describes the relation
between weight values given a set of data conveying prior information. The we present a new learning method that trains part
of the weights and calculates the others using these exact mathematical equations. This method often a priori keeps the given
mathematical structure exactly the same during learning; in other words, training is done so that the network follows a predetermined
trajectory. Numerical computer simulation results are provided to support this approach.
This work was presented, in part, at the Fourth International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January
19–22, 1999. 相似文献
14.
In this paper a new type of velocity-selecting/rejecting filter which passes or stops a particular event in a seismic signal is proposed. The velocity-selecting filter is based on a time-space band-pass filter with sharp passband for a particular direction, and similarly, the velocity-rejecting filter is based on a time-space band-stop filter. A technique for designing such filters, in terms of an infinite-impulse-response (IIR) filter, is presented, in which a rotated version of separable filter is used. Finally, numerical examples are included to illustrate the design theory. 相似文献
15.
Jet spreading width is one of the important characteristics of water jets discharging into the air. Many researchers have dealt with measuring this width, and contact measuring methods on the water jet surface were employed in a lot of the cases. In order to avoid undesirable effects caused by the contact on the jet surface, we introduce non-contact measuring methods with a laser instrument to the measurements of jet spreading width. In measurements, a transmitter emits sheet-like laser beam to a receiver. The water jet between the transmitter and the receiver interrupts the laser beam and makes a shadow. The minimum and maximum values of the shadow width are measured. In addition, pictures of the water jet are taken with a scale, and the shadow width is measured from the pictures. The experiments on various needle strokes were performed. Three kinds of width consistent with the jet structure were obtained. In the results, it can be concluded that our non-contact measuring methods are feasible. The data of jet spreading widths and jet taper were obtained and are useful for future applications. 相似文献
16.
Takahiro Kobori Tomoaki Nakamura Mikio Nakano Takayuki Nagai Naoto Iwahashi Kotaro Funakoshi 《Advanced Robotics》2016,30(24):1530-1543
We present a method through which domestic service robots can comprehend natural language instructions. For each action type, a variety of natural language expressions can be used, for example, the instruction, ‘Go to the kitchen’ can also be expressed as ‘Move to the kitchen.’ We are of the view that natural language instructions are intuitive and, therefore, constitute one of the most user-friendly robot instruction methods. In this paper, we propose a method that enables robots to comprehend instructions spoken by a human user in his/her natural language. The proposed method combines action-type classification, which is based on a support vector machine, and slot extraction, which is based on conditional random fields, both of which are required in order for a robot to execute an action. Further, by considering the co-occurrence relationship between the action type and the slots along with the speech recognition score, the proposed method can avoid degradation of the robot’s comprehension accuracy in noisy environments, where inaccurate speech recognition can be problematic. We conducted experiments using a Japanese instruction data-set collected using a questionnaire-based survey. Experimental results show that the robot’s comprehension accuracy is higher in a noisy environment using our method than when using a baseline method with only a 1-best speech recognition result. 相似文献
17.
This paper proposes a class of quasi-ARMAX models for non-linear systems. Similar to ordinary non-linear ARMAX models, the quasi-ARMAX models are flexible black-box models, but they have various linearity properties similar to those of linear ARMAX models. A modelling scheme is introduced to construct models consisting of two parts: a macro-part and a kernel-part. By using Taylor expansion and other mathematical transformation techniques, it is first constructed as a class of quasi-ARMAX interfaces (macro-parts) that have various linearity properties but contain some complicated coefficients. MIMO neurofuzzy models (kernel-parts) are then introduced to represent the complicated coefficients. It is shown that the proposed quasi-ARMAX models have both good approximation ability and some easy-to-use properties. The proposed models have been successfully applied to prediction, fault detection and adaptive control of non-linear systems. 相似文献
18.
Kotaro Matsushita Shun Koshikawa Taito Endoh Jong G. Park Takashi Yamaguchi Kennth J. Mackin Eiji Nunohiro 《Artificial Life and Robotics》2014,19(3):258-261
It is important for environment protection to monitor changes in the environment by natural and human causes. It is also important to educate the next generation on the importance of the global environment issues. Recently, it has become possible to continually monitor the global environment using various satellite sensor data. But these satellite data are used for highly specialized analysis by experts in such fields, and the data cannot easily be used by non-experts. In this paper, we propose a satellite data visualization system for educational use. In the proposed system, a gray-scale 2-dimensional image is created from the satellite data. Next, a pseudo-color image is created from the gray-scale image to assist the comprehension of the data. A 3-dimensional data representation of the image is also created, to assist the comparison of the individual data. The aim of the created image is for educational use, and the image is created with emphasis on comprehension of the data, rather than presentation of data details. The aim of the proposed system is presenting the satellite data visually so that non-experts can easily understand. The target of this research is to apply the proposed system for natural science education and to improve the awareness of global environmental issues. 相似文献
19.
Shigenao Maruyama Yuhei Takeuchi Shigeki Hirasawa 《Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications》2013,63(8):761-776
The radiation element method by ray emission model (REM2) has been improved by using the law of reciprocity for the specular view factor and the incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient (ICCG) method to reduce computational time. This improved method was applied to analyze the radiative heat transfer between arbitrary three-dimensional bodies composed of specular and diffuse surfaces. The accuracy of the improved method was evaluated by comparing analytical solutions. And the method was used to calculate radiative heat transfer between machine elements and heater panels. CPU time to calculate the radiative exchange for a model composed of 3193 elements was reduced to 1/430 of that by the previous numerical method using a decomposition method. 相似文献
20.
Ryuta Shigefuku Hideaki Takahashi Hiroyasu Nakano Tsunamasa Watanabe Kotaro Matsunaga Nobuyuki Matsumoto Masaki Kato Ryo Morita Yousuke Michikawa Tomohiro Tamura Tetsuya Hiraishi Nobuhiro Hattori Yohei Noguchi Kazunari Nakahara Hiroki Ikeda Toshiya Ishii Chiaki Okuse Shigeru Sase Fumio Itoh Michihiro Suzuki 《International journal of molecular sciences》2016,17(9)
The progression of chronic liver disease differs by etiology. The aim of this study was to elucidate the difference in disease progression between chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by means of fibrosis markers, liver function, and hepatic tissue blood flow (TBF). Xenon computed tomography (Xe-CT) was performed in 139 patients with NAFLD and 152 patients with CHC (including liver cirrhosis (LC)). The cutoff values for fibrosis markers were compared between NAFLD and CHC, and correlations between hepatic TBF and liver function tests were examined at each fibrosis stage. The cutoff values for detection of the advanced fibrosis stage were lower in NAFLD than in CHC. Although portal venous TBF (PVTBF) correlated with liver function tests, PVTBF in initial LC caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH-LC) was significantly lower than that in hepatitis C virus (C-LC) (p = 0.014). Conversely, the liver function tests in NASH-LC were higher than those in C-LC (p < 0.05). It is important to recognize the difference between NAFLD and CHC. We concluded that changes in hepatic blood flow occurred during the earliest stage of hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD; therefore, patients with NAFLD need to be followed carefully. 相似文献